Silence

Last week, I ended by pointing out that we need to develop silence so that we might begin reflecting. Silence is critically important for our spiritual lives. It is not as simple as turning off our televisions, radios, iPods, and the internet. Those little actions are only the first requisite step.

Once we have a lack of noise, what then? It is here that there may be some confusion, for a prayerful silence, a silence in which a Christian may enter is not simply a void or vacuum into which he moves or opens his heart.

Though it seems to have been lost on our generation, we need to understand that there is no such thing as a spiritual vacuum. There is always a presence. This is one of the great distinctions between Christian mysticism and far Eastern mysticism, most notably Buddhism. Christians believe in a personal God, or actually tri-personal. We strive to enter into communion with the Holy Trinity and not the great cosmic void. Silence, for the Christian, is therefore not simply an absence but a rushing into the community and presence of God. This is a critical point that will make all the difference in our continuing journey towards the great Feast of feasts: Pascha, or Easter.

When we move only into what we think is a void, we can easily be surprised by a presence. If we are fortunate, the presence is God himself. But there are also spirits who wish to remove us from the Holy Trinity and they offer great enticements and allurements, most notably blessing all that we do, asking us to amplify our current way of life, and requiring no change or struggle in our lives. It is not popular to speak of the angels of darkness these days, to remind us that we are in a spiritual war “against principalities and powers, against the rulers of the world of this darkness, against the spirits of wickedness in the high places,” (Eph. 6:12) but we ignore them at our own peril.

I have met many people whom I fear have been led astray in their misguided prayer life (perhaps misguided is too strong, perhaps it has only been un-guided). Some begin to call evil good and good evil. There are many, many different Christian groups who now proclaim a new morality which the Church has condemned consistently for 2,000 years. Abortion is thought to be sometimes necessary—or even an active good. Homosexual activity is seen as a misunderstood lifestyle that is an expression of one’s unique being. The historic understanding of Christian marriage as being a fecund and fruitful community for the blessing of children, and the nurturing of a Christian family, and the sanctification of the members of the family has been almost entirely lost. Marriage is now simply for the pleasure of two persons; this is not marriage at all, but rather socially acceptable sex. This has produced catastrophic numbers of divorces, broken families and a dulling of our recognition of the tragedy.

Those who would say these are good changes have often claimed that it agrees with their prayer. But when it runs counter to the Church’s proclamation of the Gospel throughout her entire life, then one must ask about the validity of the person’s prayer. It is here that we come to realize that silence will always present to us a presence of either darkness disguised as light, or Light itself.

A Christian’s silence must be understood to be a thunderous silence in the presence of God. It is a silence in the heart where we sit in his presence and look upon his face. Icons are incredibly helpful in this. We may look into the eyes of Christ before us and move our hearts to him. Icons help us avoid distractions, or gods of our own imagination, or worse still, imitation gods with real personalities. You see once we have turned off the external distractions, the more difficult distractions to combat are those that are inside us. This is why we are so often distracted when we try to pray, or during church services, or sermons and the like.

Icons help us develop an interior silence without distraction. They direct us correctly because the image of the icon is that which is blessed by the Church as being authentic, so that we are not lead astray. They also help us to recover our sense of God’s presence when we become aware of our wandering thoughts.

This silence of palpable presence is the sort which is necessary for reflection and thought too, for our minds and intellects are not perfect. They too have participated in the Fall and they do not work correctly by themselves. It is only when we restore our minds and hearts in the presence of Christ that they can work properly as God designed them to do.

It is a difficult struggle to develop a sense of Christian silence. Try to do it in little steps at first, beginning with five minutes each morning for a month, then maybe seven minutes, and then ten. Say your morning prayers first before you enter into this silence. If it is helpful, follow your morning prayers with the lectio divina to launch you into the silence of God’s presence. I have suggested this to many of my spiritual children and they have all told me how it has changed their lives. If one persists in this over a period of years, it will be seen that one can remain in silence even when in the midst of a clamorous and cacophonous world.

Silence may be called “golden”, but when done correctly, it is the gold of the unending day of the Kingdom of God that we find and enter. May you find it so in your life, even today.

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The Necessity of Reflection

As a culture, we have become a people who values instinctive responses. We seem no longer to value reflection and this is a tragic loss. This is true on every aspect of our lives these days and it is especially true when it comes to our faith.

I remember a conversation with one of my employers while I was in college. He knew that I was devout and that I was an active member of my parish, so he brought up the subject of religion. (In Texas, this is not a strange topic for conversation.) He was a baptist, and the son of a baptist minister. I remember trying to explain some point—I can’t recall what the actual topic was—and he was struck dumb. Finally he said to me, “I think you think to much about these things. We should have faith, and all of this analysis stops it.” It was my turn to be gob-stopped. I have not forgotten this exchange and it is emblematic of a certain sort of religious fervor that eschews the reasoning faculty of the human being.

Of course, religiously, this comes from the spirit of the camp fire revivals in the Great Awakening from which the sort of Baptists in the South generally come. It was a movement that emphasized the emotion and called that religious fervor. My formation made me very suspicious of feelings and emotions because they are so fickle and are terribly subject to manipulation. I visited a “mega-church” one time to tour the facilities and was shown a video control room they had set up for the services. It looked as complex and modern as the Monday Night Football truck. Then I was told that they had everything—the lighting, the sound, the backgrounds on the stage, etc.—programmed and calculated to evoke in the congregants particular emotions. Hmm… a scientifically designed program to effect a chosen religious spirit. It seems quite a dark thing to me: the emotion is the religion.

But this is also a symptom of a larger problem culturally. I have an intuition (something that is quite distinct from instinct) that modern reality programs, which are filled with drama and emotive disfunction, are little more than the secularization of the remnants of the Great Awakening. They are the deliberate stirring up of emotions, but in the secular age there is no teleological purpose, no end in sight, so they stir up only to evoke the emotion itself. The emotions are the subject. One could say that reality programs are the product of secular Protestantism.

In our age, we do not take time to reflect, and because we don’t we sometimes try to force decisions and actions that are not fully formed. A lack of thought and reflection (for my English friends, reflexion) has been a typical charge directed toward Americans, but this was an exaggeration… perhaps until now.

The word itself is now thought of in mechanical, geometric or mathematic contexts usually. Reflection, coming from the Latin to bend back (reflexio), is a withholding from action. It is a pause in which one looks at things in the broadest possible manner and considers well. For centuries this has been one of the most salient characteristics of Western Christianity, especially from the scholastic period forward (not to say that the earlier Fathers of the Church were not reflective). It was not essentially instinctive, but meditative.

The one time bastion of thought, the university, has become little different than a middle-class secular tent revival. Students are natural protestors because of their immaturity and naïveté, but this has been distorted by many in academia to become the raison d’être of a university education. One wonders if they have ever read Newman’s, The Idea of a University? I doubt it. More’s the pity.

I am reminded of Newman’s period of reflection as he was leaving Anglicanism. He was one of the principle leaders of the Oxford Movement at the time, but he seemed to be drawn elsewhere because of many years of study and deep thought. He didn’t become a Roman Catholic quickly; rather, it was a process that extended over many years. For any who would like to peek into his process, they may read his Apologia pro Vita Sua.

Reflection must be recovered by us all—regardless of our religion. It must be recovered in politics, the university, our faith and our personal lives. To think and reflect is part of what distinguishes us from the animals; and this to me is one of the greatest damnations of purely instinctive processing.

Intincts are not at infallible. All animals have them and we know from Pavlav that they can be conditioned. A large part of military training is pointed directly at developing a specific set of desired intincts in the warrior. This is necessary for his survival and success as a combatant. But instinct is surely a baser aspect of humanity. Even military commanders don’t rely upon it for making tactical decisions.

There are certain Christian instincts that must be trained in the neophyte, like the natural repugnance to immorality, but reflection must be tutored and developed. It is an imperative. This is done through reading thoughtful and intelligent writers (especially the Fathers of the Church), and especially through meditating on these writings prayerfully.

If there is to be any hope for our civilization—religiously, politically, or intellectually, then we must restore the importance of reflection in our lives. We must not allow ourselves to be bullied into quick responses when these things require sober meditation and thought. Sometimes we cannot give an answer when one desires it. Sometimes the time required for reflection and thought may take quite a while—as I have already said, it took Newman several years before he could make a decision.

The last word on this is simply to point out the foundational necessity of silence for reflection. Before one can truly meditate, think, contemplate, and reflect, one must carve out a space of quiet. We must learn how to turn off our televisions, radios, and iPods. We must learn to enter into silence once more if we would be wise. How counter-cultural!

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A Calm before Lent

Today we are expecting 7-9 inches of snow in Grand Rapids. It provides a little calm before things get moving with Great Lent this Sunday; and of course tomorrow we will be hosting a workshop/retreat at St. George led by Fr. George Eber—a great guy and fine priest whom I look forward to seeing. I thought I would take a couple of minutes in this little calm to look at a couple of items.

The first “agenda” item I suppose is that I am still mulling over some decisions that I have to make soon. Decisions between good and bad are easy, though I am often startled at how often we have difficulty with these simple decisions anyway. The really hard decisions are those in which we must choose between two goods. I point out in my Inquirer’s Classes that good vs. evil is melodrama; greater good vs. lesser good is real drama. It is the latter which causes us to pray very diligently. I am still praying and I ask the prayers of others to help me make a godly decision.

The second little item regards the Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, established for former Anglicans in the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. It has been established and is beginning the task of forming about 35-40 former Episcopal and continuing Anglicans as Roman Catholic priests. I know several of these men—whom I think are largely fine, upstanding priests—and I understand their formation is very intense. Each week they must attend, via video with a camera that shows they are present, an all-day lecture on Saturday, and then they have about 300-400 pages to read. This will go on for six months or so.

All the while they need to keep their current community alive and nourished, as well as to help catechize and form them. Sometimes this has become quite a challenge as they have lost their buildings and other property, meeting in various places to keep their communities alive. But from what I can tell they are all quite optimistic and joyful in their new situations. I am happy of that.

The Ordinariate continues its work in trying to establish a chancery and take care of all the canonical activities necessary—which must be an amazing task given so few workers. The liturgy, however, is still something of an unknown. What the Ordinariate will ultimately have is being worked on by a small select group (not all of whom are part of either of the Ordinariates of the US or the UK) and their work is very silent. I have been told by one Catholic monk that from what he has seen so far, it appears to be a selection of  ”the greatest hits from Cranmer”, the Novus Ordo and pieces of the Extraordinary form to placate traditionalists. It will be a very hybridized liturgy. And that, I think, is a great shame.

Now why is an Orthodox priest interested in this? In part because I was an Anglican and I have many friends for whom this is part of their lives. I love them and so I am interested. Also, because our little Western Rite has since 1979 or so attracted people from Anglican backgrounds it has a direct impact on what may, or may not, be able to happen in our communities. And frankly it effects what may, or may not, be able to happen within our Eastern Rite communities as well. Many of the former Anglicans who have entered the Orthodox Church immediately became Eastern Rite rather than Western, so it is germane for all of Orthodoxy to understand what is happening and why.

If the Ordinariate is given a liturgy that is hybridized and cannot be done in a very traditional manner, then I believe there will be still be some Anglicans who will enter Orthodoxy through the Western Rite. Some will go to the Continuing Anglican movement no doubt, but it is increasingly becoming clear that that movement is essentially Protestant in orientation. That will not be attractive to Anglo-Catholics (which I was at one time). The remnants of the TAC is quickly making concordats with other Anglican bodies that express a more “Protestant Episcopal” character, and the Anglican Catholic Church, which has been declining for some time now, has now been vocally led by a handful of clergy who strongly advocate for the 39 Articles and such.

ACNA, another group which includes the former Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth (though “former” is being fought in the Texas courts), has tried to go back to 1982 or so when each diocese in ECUSA would decide about women’s ordination for its own use. This is tragically flawed and particularly doomed I think. It is deliberately keeping the seeds which caused the destruction of ECUSA within its fold and it will only accelerate until it will be indistinguishable from the Episcopal Church. It will also take less time to reach the same point since those involved have already been there before.

For an Anglo-Catholic then, there really are only two choices: Rome or Orthodoxy. This has actually always been the case and has been said since the early 1900s. Rome has been the primary orientation because culturally Anglicans and Romans come from the same root, or more clearly, Anglicans come from Rome. It is most natural for them to look back to their own earlier history.

It is the very question of looking back though that is at the crux of the issue. If one looks back historically and culturally, then one will certainly have a Roman bias. If, however, one looks at theology, then one may develop an Orthodox bias. I say ‘may’ here because it is not certain. And yet, if one joins the Orthodox Western Rite, then the theological presumption will be Orthodox while the cultural expression and heritage will still be Roman. The latter will be manifest imperfectly of course because it can only go as far as the parish since all of our hierarchs are Eastern. It presents challenges which have not always been successfully navigated.

I don’t think there is a clear answer to any of this really. I cannot fault my friends who have made their decisions to go to Rome (I have no doubt I will be castigated for even saying such a thing). I do not fault them because I understand where they are, and I don’t think they could reasonably have become Orthodox, though I am sure we would have warmly welcomed them. They would have been very confused by the view from the ground, and I don’t think helped too much from some of the brethren.

What does seem quite clear to me, however, is that for our little Western Rite to get on good footing and begin to flourish, it must become much more regularized. It must begin to act within the Vicariate in a western manner—which is always very organized and logical—because that is part of the culture from which that liturgy has grown. The WRV must provide a theologically Orthodox community that is thoroughly Roman in culture. This stands at the heart of so many of my previous comments liturgically. There must be some gray boundaries naturally, since our hierarchs are eastern, but within the Vicariate it must breathe its own native culture or else it is entirely unauthentic.

Until late it has been possible for a community to do this, but it has been done with great effort and struggle. The lack of decisiveness in the Vicariate about many topics has lent an air that is foreign to the cultural heritage of the West, and because of that it has had destructive effects. It has also allowed, and even unwittingly promoted through this vacuum, several minds to develop as cliques that vie for dominance in the Vicariate. Sometimes these various cliques are radically opposed to one another. To enter the Vicariate takes a courageous and somewhat idealistic soul.

I see the snow is picking up now and the blanket of white is deepening. To watch it is calming and I am drawn back to thoughts of prayer and preparation for Lent. This is as it should be too. There are many thoughts and questions that run through my mind these days and I have come no closer to any resolution, but one thing I know. To one thing I cling. And that is that I need Lent. I need to empty myself before Christ so that I might see his glorious resurrection and experience that Paschal light in my soul.

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Decisions, decisions…

(I apologize that I have not posted for a while. I intend to get back to posting at least once a week again.)

Everyone is wracked by decisions. It is one of the commonest difficulties people face. At least weekly I am called upon, as a priest, to help someone see clearly through the fog. The priest is affected no less the laic. It is truly a universal problem.

Nevertheless, we all still must make decisions. But what strikes me more and more, is that so few of us put things in proper perspective. Our goals are not correct––or are they are merely assumed and never consciously made. We desire financial prosperity (or financial comfort if not prosperity), a happy and congenial family life, good health, a good retirement plan, a nice home with nice furnishings, the list goes on. But glancing at the list we notice it’s exactly the same list as everyone else has in this world. Shouldn’t Christians have a different perspective on life? A different desire?

Our goal should always be to grow in holiness, to grow deeper in love with Christ. In fact that should be our primary goal. Sadly, it usually does not even make the top 10 for most people––even those who call themselves Christian. Our ultimate goal should be to become Saints.

This singular purpose in life should be brought to bear on all of our decisions. Robert Frost’s famous poem, The Road not Taken, from Mountain Interval, speaks about our choices in life.

“Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere as ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.”

There is a romantic notion that Christians must always choose the road less traveled and then romantically mourn the loss of the other. It’s quite silly, of course, but there you are. Sometimes we must indeed take the road less traveled, but not usually. After all, marriage and raising children is common to most throughout the world, but it is also a beautiful Christian vocation. The trick is to understand the simple and seemingly common vocations for what they really are: paths to holiness and union with Christ. Christian are not asked to immediately choose the most exotic or unique path to be truly Christian.

What we are asked to do is to choose that which allows us to grow closer to Christ. Nothing else matters—not if we are truly acting like a Christian, for Christ is to be “all and in all.” Sometimes we know very clearly what the right direction and choice is and yet we can’t make it because we are paralyzed by fear of the unknown. This fear is a product of a weak faith, a failure to trust God. We could ask ourselves: Does Christ love us? Will he not supplies or needs (as distinct from our wants)? Then why should we fear any thing?

Godly decisions do not necessarily make us more successful or more splendid in the eyes of anyone in this world. Sometimes godly decisions don’t even make us popular in the Church! But are these our goals: success, respect, admiration? All decisions, all choices, all possibilities, must be resolved only on the basis of our love of Jesus Christ.

Perhaps this is ultimately the only New Year’s resolution that is worth: to resolve that every choice will be made joyfully to serve Christ and him only. How transforming such a decision would be. A parish full of parishioners whose desires are only to serve Christ and grow in holiness with him would be peaceful, energetic, and anxious to serve those outside of its own membership roles. Such of parish would be just as filled on holy days as on Sunday. Vespers services on Saturday night would find a full house. Lines for Confession would be seen every week because parishioners would desire to remove any boundary that separates themselves from our precious Lord. The parish budget would never be an issue as the parishioners would give joyfully and in abundance.

Every day we have decisions to make. I know, I have several that I must prayerfully consider even as I write these words. We can use decisions to increase our fear and anxiety, or our positions and power, or—following the truly Christian path—we can use them to catapult us into the presence of Christ. It is our choice. And I have a funny feeling that this is exactly why our Lord allows us to be presented choices and decisions day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute. We have the opportunity, regularly and persistently, to choose Christ or ourselves. We can choose heaven or hell. It really is that clear and spartan.

I hope that all of our decisions this year will be directed to the love of God, to our becoming Saints, that we may be move to love rather than apathy. I wish for everyone that they may find “that peace which passeth all understanding,” keeping our hearts and minds in the knowledge and love of God, and of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord.

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Anglicans Wait for a Word Tomorrow

Many of my friends are still Anglicans. And many of those are sitting on the edge of their seat right now waiting to hear news about the Anglicanorm cœtibus. Supposedly they will hear something tomorrow at about 3:25pm EST.

It is clear this will not be an announcement of the establishment of the American Ordinariate for Anglicans, what the exact announcement will be is anyone’s guess. But a continued period of waiting is unhelpful and spiritually unhealthy. My heart goes out to these guys–who are wonderful, solid, and pious man–as they continue their wait.

But I’m not entirely certain they will receive what they hope. Of course, they may well receive it. The lack of anything definitive is part of the problem and angst they feel.

Many of those whom I know are hoping for the old traditional Mass in English. But it seems very much that they will not be given that at all, but rather the new Mass with certain adaptations both to the traditional bent of their heritage and to their heritage as Anglicans. Where the balance will be no one knows, except perhaps those few individuals within the Curia’s bureaucracy in Rome.

I am not one who is usually inclined to conspiracy theories. And I don’t believe there is a conspiracy against the Ordinariate either. Rather, I believe that bureaucracies are largely ineffective and impersonal. They lack the ability to understand the personal dimension of those affected. And there is an effect to waiting, and waiting, and waiting. Parishes lose drive. Priests lose focus because they don’t know the direction they should point their people. Everything seems to slow down to just survival. And any time the church focuses on merely surviving its next step is the graveyard.

I do believe that the Antiochian Western Rite could provide a home for many of these men and their parishes. The use itself is clear. It has been published for many years now. One can see it, and not speculate about what might be required. And I’m inclined to think that those who desire the old Mass in good liturgical English will not find a potential home better than here.

Of course there are struggles. Who in their right mind would deny that? There are certainly those who believe the Western Rite to be little more than a switch and bait project. Perhaps it has functioned that way elsewhere (most notably in England). There have been tragic examples in the US as well, but it is not true that parishes who enter the Western Rite will ultimately be required to become Eastern. Were that true, why would St. Mark’s in Denver, or St. Augustine’s in Denver, or St. Michael’s in Whittier California still be Western Rite?

Those parishes which have changed rites have had other causes for their change of than an official program or proclamation from on high. I’ll not rehearse the sad tales here.

Yes of course, there will be struggles, but there will be struggles any place a parish is planted. The continuing church certainly has shown no stability whatsoever and it is no guarantee for an ongoing traditional “Catholic” life. I would agree that if, or rather when, the Ordinariate is established those parishes will grow faster and more materially stronger than our Western rite parishes will. But hasn’t that always been the case even between Anglo-Catholics versus Roman Catholics? The struggle is worthwhile because it strengthens our character, our will, and our vision.

But there are still many who are sitting on the fence waiting for the word to be given. They wait for the fulfillment of part of their vision and aspiration. That part is unity with the larger church Catholic. But as there is many slip twixt cup and lip, and there are many compromises and losses that will have to be embraced for unity with Rome. Each individual parish, and each individual priest must make that decision himself.

I hope the best. I desire the best. And I hope all of this comes together very quickly for the many souls affected. Tomorrow afternoon will be interesting. But if there is not at least a hint of a timetable and a genuine commitment to start the Ordinariate quickly, then the wait has only been harmful and vain because too many are losing the essential stability of their parishes and they’re very hearts to continue in this limbo.

And if that date and commitment is not forthcoming, I hope and pray my dearest of friends will look in our direction, and not shrink from the struggles and sometimes the battles. For I know that here they will find a home which they have always felt they had and desire to have completely, as well as union with the larger Chuch Catholic. The doors are open for you and I will stand ready to welcome and embrace you all.

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Happy 236th Birthday! Ooh rah!

For all Marines and their families, I wish a happy birthday to the United States Marine Corps, which was born at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia 10 November, 1775.

I especially wish a happy birthday to my son, Gregory (a former Marine), my daughter’s boyfriend, Terrance (currently serving in Afghanistan), to my late-grandfather Perry L. Ratchford (a scout-sniper at Okinawa in 1945), to my friends from high school who enlisted in the Corps through my influence: Tracy Gasca and Danny Derr.

Many of you may know that I had intended to enlist in the Marines when I was in high school but it seems God had other plans for me. I still sometimes regret not having done so. I looked in to serving as a Naval chaplain so I could be billeted with the Corps, but my wife nixed the idea since my son was soon to go overseas to Iraq. My heart still bleeds scarlet and gold, and every time I see a Marine I get a lump in my throat and my heart swells in pride for them.

Semper Fi, Gyrenes!

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The Season of Advent: A Western Rite Experience

Advent is one of my favorite seasons of the Church year, but its character seems to have been largely lost these days. For example, it is exceedingly common for parishes to have “Christmas luncheons” during the season of Advent, or for parishioners to have Christmas parties then. What a shameful loss of a real source of Christian joy.

To begin to understand the season we first should point out that Advent is not Christmas. That seems obvious enough, but is it? Advent is not the time to set out our Christmas decorations and have Christmas parties. The Feast has not yet arrived. Advent is a time of preparation for the coming of our Lord. It points to two different “comings” of Christ: (1) as a babe in the manger, and (2) as the Judge of the Living and the Departed on the last day. Advent is absolutely pointed towards salvation and liturgy. It recognizes that we are ill and in need of salvation. It recognizes that the Bridegroom (our Lord) comes in the middle of the night, and so we must prepare.

But the Western Rite Advent shows that the normative way of our lives is the most true preparation for our final judgment. We keep the normal fasting practice during Advent which we follow throughout the rest of the year. It is not like Lent, which has a different genius and focus. We are being told that our preparation for our final judgment should be a normal day to day thing. We won’t going to get to cram before the last day, it will just suddenly arrive out of the blue.

We are encouraged to make our Christmas sacramental confession. Again this is not something that is to be strange or unusual. Making our confessions should be a normal and regular part of our lives.

What marks Advent as being different from the Sundays after Pentecost, is a focused and deliberate sense of the Coming of Christ, that “our salvation draweth nigh.” The lectionary, the collects and the other proper hymns of the Church point towards the dual “comings of Christ.” This is part of the unique genius of the historic Latin/Western Rite which is not to be found in the Eastern Rite at all. The Eastern Rite continues the series of readings from Scripture assigned as part of the Sundays after Pentecost until two Sundays before Christmas (when the fasting discipline changes and becomes more restrictive). In the Eastern Rite, Advent is a fast that is placed before Christmas but doesn’t have the hymnography and such that marks the season. Fr. Alexander Schmemann was honest enough to point out this this was never really developed in the Eastern Rite, but that it was developed to a very high degree in the Latin/Western Rite.

The acknowledgment of our sinfulness and unworthiness during Advent carries with it a particular character. Since it is, as I said, a preparation in the midst of ordinary life it carries the clear teaching that our day to day lives should carry this same awareness throughout the year. That’s not popular. People don’t want to be reminded that they’re not perfect. In working with married couples some of the worst arguments I’ve had to straighten out as a priest is when one or other in the couple blatantly says, “Well, you’re not perfect either!” We don’t like the thought of it, even if we know it’s true.

The know-it-all is one of the most disliked of all people. You can’t tell him anything. But a spiritual know-it-all believes he not only knows everything, but has also successfully achieved the full Christian character and life of virtue. If we dislike the run of the mill know-it-all, image what God thinks of the spiritual know-it-all. He calls them hypocrites! Just look at how our Lord speaks of the Pharisees in the Gospels.

That’s why when we masquerade throughout Thanksgiving and December as though we’re celebrating Christmas, we are in part denying the need to change our lives. We are in a real sense creating a new anti-Christian liturgy which proclaims through our actions, “I’m saved and completely, perfectly healthy in body and soul. You’ll find no spot in my soul that needs correction.”

This is the quasi-liturgical expression of irresistible grace, that God has completed everything and that I can’t fall from grace and salvation. But I can sure catch another cold. And I can sure commit another sin. And if I commit a serious enough sin, or have a continuous build-up of “little sins” then I can absolutely live my life as though God doesn’t exist, and this, the Church calls damnation and hell. Yep, I can fall from grace and salvation. But I can also repent (by making my sacramental confession) and get back on the right track.

If we consider the two great penitential seasons of the Church to understand their primary focus, we find that Lent focuses on the repentance of sins and the preparation for forgiveness and the Resurrection of Christ (where our sin and death was defeated). The primary focus during Advent is different. Its focus is on our daily lives, how we live them and where they need to be corrected. It is a season focused on the normal and daily liturgy of our lives.

A large part of keeping a good Advent is making our confessions, keeping the normal fast of the Church, and not preemptively celebrating Christmas before the Feast arrives. All these we’ve already mentioned, but one thing that is profoundly important that we’ve not yet mentioned is the evaluation of our Rule of Life.

In other words as we are doing our “normal things,” we should stock of our prayer lives. We should ask ourselves the following questions during Advent:

When do I pray? Is it too early or too late? Is it too long or too short? What prayers am I saying? Should I change them? Do I keep a list of those for whom I should pray and actually pray for these people every day? How often am I making my confession? Do I keep an extra fast per week as a little way to correct my pleasure-seeking flesh? Do I regularly read the Scriptures, …the Fathers of the Church, …lives of the Saints? What television do I watch? Should I watch these things? Do I try to instill in my children a responsible Christian life, or do I let them do as they jolly-well-please? Do I regularly give to the ministry of the Church and its support? Am I tithing yet, or am I working towards that end? Does our family eat at least one meal per day as a family, why not? Do I keep a regular period of time for contemplation and meditation? Have I tried to find out how to meditate and contemplate if I don’t know what that is? Have I shared my Christian faith with others and invited them to the Church? Have I taken advantage of the opportunity to learn more about the Faith, or have I made excuses as to why I can’t? If I truly can’t be present when the classes were offered, did I suggest a time that I could have come? Have I preferred ignorance of the Church’s faith and practice so that I could do as I have been all along? Is my schedule too busy to keep a focus on Christ and his Church? Do I deliberately avoid occasions and persons that usually lead to temptation and sin? Do I try to solve all of my problems by myself, or have I learned to ask for spiritual help by God’s appointed ministers, or let the Holy Spirit work the problem out? Have I tried to forgive those who have offended me and make up quarrels that can be made up?

If we ask ourselves these questions and take them to heart, we won’t have time to celebrate the Feast before time. Moreover, if we ask ourselves these questions and then try to put them into effect, we will be beautifully prepared to celebrate the Nativity of Christ or greet our Saviour at his Second and Glorious Coming.

Living liturgically is real Christian life. The season of Advent is profoundly rich and necessary for healthy spiritual growth. Let us keep a holy and godly Advent this year and prepare for the Coming of Christ. Our only other choice is not to keep Advent, or keep it half-heartedly, and that is the road to apathy, self-justification and hell. It’s our choice: Salvation or hell, Advent or not.

Posted in Father's Ramble, Liturgy/Worship, Patrimony | 2 Comments

The Desire for Order

This is a recent article I put in my parish’s monthly newsletter. I hope that it is at least somewhat edifying. I hope to have new posts soon.

We all desire order. Some of us actually need order to be able to function well at all, for example those who have ADHD. The world used to seem ordered, but now everything seems disjointed.

Take for example astronomy. In the middle ages there was a sense of balance cosmologically because using Ptolemaic astronomy there was a perception of the harmony of man’s place within the universe. Galileo correctly observed that the world wasn’t the center of the universe, but the perception of order and man’s place in the universe was obscured.

Now we have moved far beyond Newtonian physics into the realm of modern quantum physics. At the smallest level of the creation, smaller than the atom, we now understand that electrons and protons, the entire world, are made of quarks which are pulses of energy that actually disappear from existence and then come back. These pulses have order, but they also clearly point out the truth that we exist on the precipice of nothingness. Our need for stability is no longer answered by science. In fact in theoretical science it is shredded.

If science doesn’t give stability, then what about politics—many people set their hope in just such a place? Clearly politics is a sphere of constant change and struggle. The political world is not a secure arena and what our governments do (local, state and federal) seems filled with bureaucracy and inefficiency which only further frustrates our need for order and balance. The book of psalms puts it well, “Put not your trust in princes.”

Then what of churches? I encounter people from all over very regularly who tell me that they are frustrated with the seeming constant change of their church’s teachings. All of you know that I grew up an Anglican (Episcopalian) of the extreme high-church, or Anglo-Catholic, variety and I found that to be true as well. I heard Anglican bishops who denied the real physical resurrection of Christ, who denied the Virgin birth of Christ, who taught that St. Paul was a misogynistic, closet-homosexual. It is worth pointing out that most churches outside the Orthodox Church no longer teach dogmatic theology (the understanding of the teachings of the faith required to be believed), but teach systematic theology (a system of believe that can later be altered and re-worked so long as it is consistent with itself).

Since the late 19th century, biblical scholarship has almost entirely followed the skeptical German school. It dissects the scriptural texts in the attempt to discern what is historically authentic, to ascribe authorship and so forth. This approach to the scriptures has generally given birth to the loss of faith for countless people. It’s fruits are all to clear; the scriptures no longer serve to buttress the faith of millions because it is not considered reliable enough. Our intellects and prejudices are counted for more now. And since all of our intellects differ, there is nothing sound and stable left for us there.
We might mention in passing the grave scandal of clergy sexual abuse. This is usually thought of in terms of Catholic priests who are pedophiles, but it is certainly not limited to Catholic priests (and very few of them are actually abusers) or to pedophiles. The number of abusers in churches is dwarfed by those who work in public schools and such, but this isn’t talked about. I think there is an agenda here. But the damage is done and people are hurt by this.

Values are changing constantly in the culture around us, and the changes are being validated by the cultural elites (the news media, hollywood, university professors…) that this is right. They give no real hard data to support their views, but they are absolutely unwavering in their support. What has changed here? Sexual mores, couples (of whatever combination you can imagine) can live together without marriage as though they are married, the definition of what a family is has been greatly altered, the understanding of personal responsibility for oneself and one’s actions… the list is terribly long.
The list can go on and on. All of this chaos takes a toll on our lives personally and culturally. Our world is populated with people who are frighteningly anxious and depressed. Currently there are more people in history that are on anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications than ever before. We are not very happy people and much of this is because there seems to be discord and pandemonium around us.

But there is hope in all of this bedlam, because behind each quark, each expression of reality there is still the corner-stone. It has not shifted nor cracked; it is Jesus Christ. Man is still the focus of his love and actions. We still stand at the center of the universe in the eyes of God himself; science is answered. He still has established his Kingdom in our midst which is ultimately governed by him and his love; politics are made superfluous. He revealed himself as the Way, the Light and the Truth… from all eternity. He is the same yesterday, today and forever; so modern liberal skeptical churches are put down and shown to be bankrupt. He continues to act through broken men who are his priests to give his life and grace; our shattered confidence is healed for we learn to follow their guidance faithfully, but not to imitate their own brokenness.

While the world seems to be without order and anarchy, Christ himself is the source of the order that we desperately need. The answer to the fear of this world and its seeming meaninglessness is only resolved in perfect communion with Christ our God through his Church. Here is stability and joy.

It is my hope that we can all learn to find the peace of Christ even in this topsy-turvy world, that we can live calm, quiet and humble lives that allow for that peace to soak into every pore of our souls and beings. I know that Christ wishes to give this to us. I know that finding order and harmony will give us the ability to respond to the darkness and uncertainties we face in our own lives—many of which are very difficult indeed.

Begin by trying to see this order and stability. Continue by asking Christ to establish it in your heart. Constantly struggle to plant it in all that you do and see around you until at long last it has become a habit to see the light and joy of Christ in all things.

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I just love it… that’s all.

I’ll never forget the first time I experienced it. I wasn’t offended, but I was baffled a little bit. I hadn’t seen it before. I hadn’t even really heard of it before. Before I spill the beans about what “it” is, let me give a little more background.

It is pretty well known that I matured as an ardent high-church Anglo Catholic. Solemn High Mass spoke to me profoundly. But as a young boy I had never seen a high-church service. Heck, I was then in the Episcopal Diocese of Texas (in Waco) and there wasn’t anything such thing as a real thorough going high-church place. In 1972 we (daddy, my brother and I) moved to Cleburne, Texas into the Diocese of Dallas. Cleburne was a moderate parish but that suited the place. It was the county seat of Johnson County which was supported largely by cattle ranchers and the Sante Fe railroad. It was a quiet, stayed, conservative place. Traditional conservative religion in the Bible belt is not going to be high-church.

In 1975 we lapsed from the Episcopal Church because of the craziness going on, including the new BCP. Just after I had graduated from high school I was working at Mama’s Pizza in Burleson, Texas with one of my classmates. One night we were discussing religion and I found that he was part of a conservative Episcopal parish. I asked if he could take me there one Sunday. Our trips to Mass on Sundays and Holy Days became regular.

So it was that I experienced incense for the first time. I liked the smell of it but didn’t understand it. After about three weeks or so I found that I loved it and the first thing I learned to do in the altar was serve as a thurifer. The smoke gently curling around my arm and face was captivating. Perhaps it’s because guys love the thought of playing with fire—and being in control. The smell quickly became associated with prayer and the worship of God.

The more I learned about it the more fascinating it became. The incredible variety of “flavors” available is marvelous. Western incense is usually in smaller little grains that are maturated with various essences, oils and such. It is so very simple to use in this form. The very common Orthodox incense tends to be little squares that are coated with white clay powder. This is generally called “athonite” incense and it is available in floral types or spicy types and so forth. Many of the Orthodox suppliers have as many as 40 different fragrances.

Far eastern incense is altogether different, commonly sold stuck to a stick or in a little cone that one lights. Truth be told I’ve never cared for that sort of incense at all. But church incense… it just sends me.

That gets me in trouble sometimes because I love to use it and there are some people who say that they can’t breathe because of the incense. They complain of headaches and such. I’m sure that they suffer them, but I wonder how much of the time this is psychosomatic and stems from a Protestant aversion in reality. But I don’t know. I just know that I, like my mentor, love to put it on.

Okay, I know this isn’t a heavy post. But …I love incense.

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Whom are We Targeting (In the Western Rite Vicariate)?

When I first became Orthodox, it was through a Western Rite parish in Dallas, Texas (St. Gregory the Theologian, now long gone). The general conversation at the time about whom we would attract was usually defined as “former Episcopalians.” That was certainly the case of our founding group, but we didn’t see many former Anglicans wonder through the door (my family was an exception). In fact, we didn’t see many wonder through the door at all. Lots of little problems there. But before long it seemed that the “Anglican pool” had pretty well dried up.

I have also heard that disgruntled Roman Catholics would be a prime group. Then came the fresh air of Pope Benedict XVI and many have begun going back to Rome. The Lutherans? There’s never really been a large enough base there which might be interested to form a target group, although, no doubt, some will be. In fact, I rather think that there will still be some Anglicans (of different stripes), some Roman Catholics, some Lutherans, and on and on.

But there has been a mentality about who we are in the Vicariate that has been quite crippling. This is particularly obvious if one was a former Anglo-Catholic (I speak as one myself). The trouble has been to try to identify our target audience as being former whatevers. We have had a rather denominational bias to our targeting, and this in turn weakens not only our evangelistic programs, but it creates a very frail vision of who we are. This last part is quite deadly.

I believe, quite strongly, that our target audience is far broader, far more diverse and far more open. I came to this realization some months ago when I was discussing various things with a retired priest who had come from my beloved home parish of St. Timothy, Fort Worth about 25-30 years before me. I so love St. Timothy’s that I was aware that I might be wearing some pretty thick rose-colored glasses when I though back on it. So I wanted to learn from his experience of the parish back in his time. What I found was very wonderful to me.

First, I found that my rose-colored glasses where actually pretty clear and that I was very much aware of the things I over-looked with affection. His experience only reinforced mine. But one of the most exciting things he said uncovered something that I had long forgotten. The people who came to St. Timothy’s were rarely life-long Episcopalians. They came from diverse places: Baptist, Methodist, Church of Christ. I can only recall one, maybe two families that had at one time been Roman Catholic. It was very rare.

Past ecclesiological origins did not bind the parish together. In fact, it was never really talked about once one was part of St. Timothy’s one was just a Catholic, or sometimes styled a Anglo-Catholic. The parish was spikey beyond words. We followed Ritual Notes very closely (one of the few which actually did do so). Every Sunday was Solemn High Mass in all of its glory. That was not part of the background of these folks, but it was certainly part of the new glue that held them together, and it ran deeper that simply fancy dress because it was the expression of the spirituality.

So what did they all have in common before St. Timothy’s? They were all middle-class workers. Some worked for the phone company, either in the office or, not uncommonly, out on the lines. Some were perhaps mid-management, but not many. It was not people with lawyers and doctors. They were joined together by a common world-view and socio-economic base. They were also people who were searching for something more in their spiritual lives.  This cuts across all of the “denominational borders.”

Let me say that this broader view is our authentic target audience and it has very little to do with past (or current) ecclesiastical affiliation. It is a demographic, not denomination. Many of us have forgotten this and I think there are a couple of reasons for it. First, (if we were former Anglo-Catholics) we honestly believed we had received the very best way of being Catholic. It was in English, it was dignified and beautiful. The parishes were not enormous and had an intimate feeling to them in spite of a stately magnificence when it came to liturgy. Music was broad: Gregorian chant, wonderful traditional hymns, classical cantatas and so forth. The preaching and teaching was usually of a very high standard. What would we change? Nothing really… not from a parochial point of view. Our experience within our parishes was virtually perfect, but we did know that we needed to be reconnected to the larger Catholic world (Orthodoxy or Rome). Then it was all dismantled before our eyes. Our dioceses slowly went the way of all flesh and decayed. The vigor and joy left. Neighboring parishes clamored for women priests (depending on the diocese some even got them). Basic Christian morality was undermined from the highest elements in the church. Our Catholic principles could no longer be supported. We could believe them, but never in a really exclusive way. Before we had the myth that we could use for the low churchmen that they really just didn’t understand the reality of the Church, but that they shared in her fulness whether they knew it or not. Now, there were too many things to sweep under the rug.

When many of us left Anglicanism, we wanted to recreate that world that had been so magnificent and glorious to us. We focused so much on it that we thought that there would be large numbers just like us who would join with us to reestablish the promised land. It didn’t work out that way. Many of our little groups atrophied and became isolated. Some of them finally gave up their original love and became Eastern Rite because they were just too tired to keep the fires going. But in all of this the focus was still their original root as a source for new life.

But there was the essential truth that we had long ago forgotten. High-church parishes were never really built up with pure Episcopalians. They were built up from common socio-economic groups and from common demographic bases. This was just as true in England as in the U.S. The anglo-catholic in England flourished among the poor. The east docks of London are iconic of this movement (e.g. St. Peter’s Wapping). It is true that in England everyone was assumed to be Anglican because it was the state church, but there were many non-baptized folk there. The essential thing to remember is that everyone that Father Charles Lowder reached out to were from the same state in life. They shared a common experience of the world and they all sought a deeper resolution to the souls’ yearnings. This occurred to some degree in the U.S. too, but the examples are not completely parallel because America was a very young country and not a well-established dominion like England.

If there is a future for our Western Rite Vicariate (and I believe there is potentially a bright one), then we need to let go of our past ties. Our histories will help teach, but they ought not to limit us. We are establishing something entirely new. It is, potentially, that perfect parochial experience connected to the larger whole. There are some struggles we will have to face, but this is still our potential and hope. [Nota Bene: Naysayers, I ask here, consider your motive. Is it to have an open, honest discussion, to give hopeful direction and insight as to how to navigate in this new experience, or is it to tear down and destroy, demoralize, and discredit? I welcome the first, but if I deem the intention to be the second, I will remove your comments and you'll have a little vacation for posting. One may criticize towards improvement, or one may criticize entirely negatively—and this is exactly what some of you say has been a problem from ER folk and clergy towards the Western Rite. Why do the same?]

We need to embrace a broader view of whom we are trying to reach. We need to develop and genuine love and a driven sense of urgency towards those who are hungering from what ever background. We need to recognize whom God has given (demographically) and multiply that group, which is the only group we can multiply. We ought not fear that people will come in a water-down our practice. We must catechize and form our inquirers before they are allowed to join the parish. For those transferring in from other parishes, or from the ER, they must be required to go through a similar series of classes before they are eligible to participate in parish votes and offices. If they can’t do that, then they should be invited to go to a different parish.

The future can be marvelously fruitful. It can be very grand… if we will but alter some of our assumptions.

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